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Symptoms and laboratory parameters of allergic diseases exhibit prominent ~24‐h variations. For instance, in most allergic rhinitis patients, symptoms worsen overnight or early in the morning. Accordingly, there are benefits to nighttime dosing of anti‐allergy medications in such patients. Although the circadian pathophysiology of allergic diseases is well documented, the biological basis of this...
Background
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic small‐vessel vasculitis associated with asthma, eosinophilia, and necrotizing vasculitis. EGPA is potentially life‐threatening and often involves peripheral neuropathies, peptic ulcers, cerebral vessel disease, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited understanding of the prognostics factors for patients...
Background
Food allergy, in particular peanut allergy, is a growing concern in Western countries. The prevalence of allergy to peanut, which currently stands at 1.4%, nearly tripled between 1997 and 2008. Allergic sensitization is a particularly difficult process to study as it is clinically silent.
We sought to identify key pathways and mediators critically involved in the induction of allergic...
Background
Recommended management of attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1 esterase inhibitor (C1‐INH) deficiency (C1‐INH‐HAE) includes therapy with exogenous C1INH. Thrombotic/thromboembolic events (TEE) have been reported with plasma‐derived C1INH, but so far none with recombinant human C1INH (rhC1INH). This phase III, randomized, placebo (saline)‐controlled study evaluated the safety...
The aim of the study was to investigate whether adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during immunotherapy with a grass extract (AVANZ® Phleum, ALK‐Abelló) are related to the different patterns of sensitization of patients to grass allergens. A total of 192 patients with rhinitis and/or asthma sensitized to grass pollen received a 4‐week updosing with five injections. ADRs were evaluated following EAACI guidelines...
Occupational exposure to gas, dust, and fumes (GDF) increases the risk of asthma and eczema. We investigated the role of sensitization in the association between GDF and allergic conditions. A population‐based sample of 788 adults from the West Sweden Asthma Study completed questionnaires and skin prick tests. After adjustment for confounders, GDF exposure was associated with a doubled risk of sensitization...
Background
Currently, there is no mandatory labelling of allergens for non‐pre‐packed foods in the EU. Therefore, consumers with food allergy rely on voluntary information provided by the staff. The aim of this study was to characterize allergic reactions to non‐pre‐packed foods and to investigate whether staff in bakery shops were able to give advice regarding a safe product choice.
Methods
Questionnaires...
Background
The EuroPrevall project aimed to develop effective management strategies in food allergy through a suite of interconnected studies and a multidisciplinary integrated approach. To address some of the gaps in food allergy diagnosis, allergen risk management and socio‐economic impact and to complement the EuroPrevall population‐based surveys, a cross‐sectional study in 12 outpatient clinics...
Background
Mast cell localization within the airway smooth muscle (ASM)‐bundle plays an important role in the development of airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR). Genomewide association studies implicate the ‘alarmin’ IL‐33 in asthma, but its role in mast cell–ASM interactions is unknown.
Objectives
We examined the expression and functional role of IL‐33 in bronchial biopsies of patients with and...
Background
The initial immune response to house dust mite (HDM) is orchestrated by an interplay between epithelial cells (ECs) and dendritic cells (DCs). Innate cytokines released by HDM‐exposed ECs activate airway DCs and effector inflammatory cells, which together induce a HDM‐specific Th2 cell response. Here, we investigate the respective roles of DCs and IL‐33 in sensitization to HDM.
Method...
Rhinitis is an umbrella term that encompasses many different subtypes, several of which still elude complete characterization. The concept of phenotyping, being the definition of disease subtypes on the basis of clinical presentation, has been well established in the last decade. Classification of rhinitis entities on the basis of phenotypes has facilitated their characterization and has helped practicing...
Background
Identifying inflammatory phenotypes is relevant in severe uncontrolled asthma. The aim of this study was to identify the different clinical, inflammatory, functional, and molecular phenotypes in patients with severe asthma and to investigate the potential role of sputum periostin as a biomarker of severe asthma phenotypes.
Patients and methods
Sputum induction was performed in 62 patients...
Background
Chronic sinusitis (CRS) is a common otorhinolaryngologic disease that is frequently encountered in everyday practice, but there is a lack of precise data regarding the prevalence of CRS in developing countries. We performed a national investigation in China to determine the prevalence and associated factors of CRS.
Methods
We conducted a cross‐sectional investigation in 2012. A stratified...
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) significantly impacts the quality of life of those affected through symptoms of pruritus and recurrent skin lesions. In active CSU disease, reduced IgE‐mediated basophil histamine release (HR) and basopenia are observed. We sought to examine the relationship between interval changes in basophil measures and shifts in patient‐reported disease impairment. Simultaneous...
Background
An important advantage of allergen immunotherapy as compared to pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis is the long‐term effect that persists after completing immunotherapy. The mechanism of the sustained effect of allergen immunotherapy is not completely understood.
Methods
We conducted a 7‐year study of monitoring allergen‐specific basophil response and serological markers in 20 subjects...
Background
Interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) is implicated as an epithelium‐derived danger signal promoting Th2‐dependent responses in asthma. We hypothesized that IL‐33 might also have direct effects on mast cell‐driven allergic airway obstruction.
Methods
The effects of IL‐33 on allergic responses in the airways of sensiti‐zed mice were assessed both in vivo and ex vivo, as well as on cultured mast cells...
Background
Sequential human herpes virus (HHV) reactivation is well known in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom (DRESS), but such a phenomenon has seldom studied in other types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs). Moreover, the association between viral reactivations and cytokine or chemokine changes is largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the viral reactivation rates of...
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